Nederland - Waal, Rijn, Pannerdensch Kanaal; M. Alting / F.

In goede conditie. Vouw als uitgegeven. Met wormgaatjes, waarvan 5 in de afbeelding. Kleine scheurtjes en beschadigingen bij/in de randen van het papier. Verso blank.


The Pannerdensch Kanaal, between the towns of Doornenburg and Angeren, connects the Waal and the Rhine (via the later Bijlandsch Kanaal) with the Lower Rhine. The six kilometre long and 135 metre wide canal was dug between 1701 and 1709. Initially, the intention was to build a defence line and the connections to the Rhine and the Waal were not yet planned. In 1706, the plans changed and excavations were started to secure the water supply to the IJssel and Lower Rhine. The old and silted up river bed of the Rhine, northeast and east of the Pannerdensch Kanaal, has been called Old Rhine since that time. In 1707 the Pannerdensch Kanaal was completed and the first ships passed through the new waterway. In the first years after completion, dike failures and floods were a frequent occurrence due to the sharp increase in water discharge. Numerous wheels along the dikes still remind us of this. The water of the Rhine from Germany is now divided at the fork near Fort Pannerden. Two thirds of the water is discharged via the Waal, while one third is led via the Pannerdensch Kanaal. Further downstream, there is a second splitting point near Huissen, where again part of the water is drained via the Lower Rhine and part via the IJssel. The Pannerdensch Kanaal not only shortened the course of the Lower Rhine at the time, but also ensured the water supply for the New Dutch Waterline.

The small survey map of the Pannerdensch Kanaal presented here is not dated, but shows the canal already completely dug through. The map was probably first published around 1710. That the canal was originally intended as a defensive belt is shown by the text 'Nieuwe gegraaven Retranchement, 1701. off Landweer', along the western side of the canal. An old river bed of the Rhine is further indicated by 'Strang off Laagte daar wel vroegere de Rivier geloopen'. The Lower Rhine, shown from the Bergsche Hooft farm to the island of Candia, still appears on the map as a much more impressive waterway than the Pannerdensch Kanaal. However, this part of the Lower Rhine quickly lost its importance and, after it was dammed in 1745, received virtually no more water via a spillway near Tolkamer. Today, the remnants of this Rhine course are part of the Rijnstrangen area, which is mainly used as a nature reserve.

The map was later included in the 'Tooneel der Vereenigde Nederlanden, en onderhorige landschappen' by F. Halma and M. Brouërius van Nidek (Leeuwarden: Hendrik Halma, 1725, vol. 1, pp. 138 and 139). That this map must have come from this work is proven by the entry outside the frame in the upper right: 'II. Part Fol. 138'.



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